Karl Wilhelm Göttling (January 19, 1793 – January 20, 1869) was a German philologist born in Jena. He was the son of chemist Johann Friedrich August Göttling (1753–1820).
He studied philology in Jena and Berlin, and from 1816 taught classes at the Gymnasium in Rudolstadt. In 1819 he became director of the Neuwied Gymnasium, and in 1822 was appointed associate professor of philology at the University of Jena. At Jena he was also director of the philological seminary (from 1826) and university librarian, and in 1831 attained the title of full professor. During his academic career he participated in several study trips to Italy, Sicily, Greece, et al., and in 1852 accompanied Ludwig Preller (1809–1861) and Hermann Theodor Hettner (1821–1882) on a journey to Greece and Constantinople.
Among his more important writings were editions of Aristotle's Politica (1824) and Oeconomicus (1830), as well as editions of the poet Hesiod. In the field of Greek grammar he published Theodosii Alexandrini grammatica (1822) and Allgemeine Lehre vom Akzent der griechischen Sprache (1835). His smaller works were for the most part combined in Gesammelte Abhandlungen aus dem klassischen Altertum (Collected Treatises from Classical Antiquity, two volumes) and Opuscula Academica (1869).